Gargoyles/statues.. Over Symbolized?
Well, since the moderator has asked us to start up our own debates/questions,
I'll take the risk of setting the tone and ask something that has just
come up in my studies...
I am taking a course of "Gothic Architecture" and recently we were
looking at some pictures of Gargoyles and other statues from places
such as Notre Dame (what a surprise). The professor launched into
an interpretation of what the Gargoyls are (beyond the obvious water
spouts).. One line of thought is that they are much like sentinals,
the rejected evil, or a barrier to deliniate, this is the "outside"
vs what is good and holy in the church..
We also looked at some statuary from within the churchs, such as some
demon like creatures which were eating infants, and other horrific
beasts.. reactions to these were that, perhaps they were there to
remind the monk with the wander mind to focus on the sermon, perhaps
because the weight of the church was above them (they were all scrunched up
in capitals....) they were being shown as crushed by the church, or they were
a sign of the disorderly outside vs. the orderly and good haven of the church.
of course, what I have given here is a shortened version of the discusion,
but it should be enough to give you a general idea of the type of
interpretation that was going on....
Well, this struck me as being wrong, as a misinterpretation of medieval
symbolism etc. It seems to me to be a 20th century style of symbolic
interpreation, vs. the medieval concept. I will first admit to not
being any "expert" on medieval symbolism or art, but I have had many
years of contact with it and feel that I have a fairly good intuitive
grasp of it. I feel that medieval symbolism was far less subtle then what
we practice today.. now, I'm not saying that they had weaker powers of
interpretation, but rather that the style was different and relied on more
concrete equalities. Also, symbolic meaning seemes to have been more
confined.. i.e the images around the portal of Chartres are deeply
imbued with meaning, but that is partly because attention is focused upon them
they are in a special highlighted spot...
When we start looking at the carvings in capitals, the gargoyls and other
statuary that can be found scattered throughout many cathedrals, these
statues have a different quality to them, more playful, even the "beasts".
they seem to be more like the doodlings in the margins of manuscripts by
the imaginative illuminators. It seems to me that the artists are covering
the cathedral with expressions of the world around them. This includes
the carvings of common people, of people in pain, of little angels, of
demons and monsters, for to the medieval mind monsters and
angels WERE part of the world around them...
So what is my support for this? Nothing overly concrete, but a general
sense of medieval art. Much of the art of the time would have some
serious/important focus, but upon examining the margins and corners
even the most important works can be found to have amusing/humorous
or just random "filler" art....
The major threads to take from this question:
On a specific level, what is the meaning or symbolism (if any) of the
gargoyls on cathedrals such as Notre Dame?
More broadly (and more interesting I think): What sort of interpretation
should we use when looking at Medieval art? It seems that there is the clear
danger of applying modern concepts of symbolism and interpretation
to a system of art which used different rules..
and last: what role can we find for the "marginal" art work.. it seems
prevalent through out the time, in manuscripts, the Bayeux tapestry is full
of it, paintings, sculptures... Did it play a role in balancing out the
central theme of the artwork, or was it simply "filler" art for the
entertainment of both the artist and the viewer???
So, I hope this gets some discussion going for everyones
entertainment and education, I know I'm interested in what the
feelings of others on this is....
Thomas Willeke
vytas@leland.stanford.edu
[Submitted by: Thomas Klaus Willeke
Fri, 28 Oct 1994 19:36:23 -0700]
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